| 2,872 | 7 | 504 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
自闭症是一种以重复刻板行为、社交能力障碍以及兴趣狭窄为主要表现的神经发育障碍。自闭症发病机制至今并未明确，且无特效药物，目前国内自闭症的群体仍不断增长，给家庭及社会都带来了极大压力。合适的治疗方案会改善自闭症儿童的核心症状，因此，在众多干预手段中选择适当的方法极为重要。然而，目前自闭症康复行业存在乱象，各个机构的专业度参差不齐。本文对数种干预方法及其作用进行梳理，目前除了康复机构常规开展的治疗方法，如言语治疗、感统训练、行为干预和结构化训练等，艺术疗法、同伴支持治疗及动物辅助治疗等也逐渐兴起，弥补了传统训练方法的不足。通过干细胞治疗自闭症是基于细胞技术治疗自闭症的一种新方法，有望从细胞分子层面改善自闭症核心症状。鉴于自闭症的异质性，单一的治疗方法并不可取，干细胞的注射治疗综合各种康复治疗手段的干预将是未来自闭症治疗的新模式。
Abstract：Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive behaviors,social dysfunction,and interest stenosis. The pathogenesis of autism has not been clear up to now,and there is no specific medicine. The increasing number of people with autism in China has brought great pressure to the family and society.Appropriate treatment will improve the core symptoms of autistic children,and it is very important to choose the appropriate method among many intervention means. However,at present,there is chaos and problems in the autism rehabilitation field,and the professionalism of various institutions in the rehabilitation field is uneven. This paper will discuss and summarize several intervention methods and their effects. At present,in addition to the conventional treatment methods utilized by rehabilitation institutions,speech therapy,sentiment training,behavior intervention and structured training,art therapy,peer support therapy and animal-assisted therapy are also gradually emerging,making up for the shortcomings of traditional training methods. As a new approach to treat autism based on cell technology,stem cell therapy for autism is one of the hot spots in current autism treatment research,which is expected to effectively improve the core symptoms of autism. Given the heterogeneity of autism,a single treatment is not desirable. The injection therapy of stem cells and the intervention of various rehabilitation treatment methods will be a new model of autism treatment in the future.
[1] HYMAN S L,LEVY S E,MYERS S M,et al. Identification,evaluation,and management of children with autism spectrum disorder[J]. Pediatrics,2020,145(1):e20193447.
[2] WANG F,LU L,WANG S B,et al. The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in China:a comprehensive meta-analysis[J]. Int J Biol Sci,2018,14(7):717-725.
[3] MURDOCH J D,STATE M W. Recent developments in the genetics of autism spectrum disorders[J]. Curr Opin Genet Dev,2013,23(3):310-315.
[4]李瑞锡，张应花.孤独症脑的神经形态变化与神经免疫异常[J].解剖学杂志，2010,33(2):145-148.
[5] MAYER E A,PADUA D,TILLISCH K. Altered braingut axis in autism:comorbidity or causative mechanisms[J]. BioEssays,2014,36(10):933-939.
[6]王丽军，马珺.儿童自闭症康复乱象探析[J].医学与哲学，2018,39(14):64-67.
[7] LOVAAS O I. Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children[J]. J Consult Clin Psychol,1987,55(1):3-9.
[8]刘惠军，李亚莉.应用行为分析在自闭症儿童康复训练中的应用[J].中国特殊教育，2007,(3):33-37.
[9]韩景军，王悦.丹东地区特殊教育学校智障学生体育需求及干预措施[J].辽东学院学报（自然科学版），2010,17(3):242-245.
[10]陈旭红.感觉统合训练治疗自闭症的疗效分析[J].中国康复医学杂志，2004,19(10):772-773.
[11] WATLING R L,DEITZ J,WHITE O. Comparison of sensory profile scores of young children with and without autism spectrum disorders[J]. Am J Occup Ther,2001,55(4):416-423.
[12]侯婷婷，孙彤，马春梅.自闭症儿童语言训练研究综述[J].绥化学院学报，2019,39(10):67-71.
[13]潘文娟.结构化教学对2~6岁自闭症儿童重复刻板行为的干预研究[D].南昌：江西师范大学，2017.
[14]李斌，戚艳杰，张之霞，等.结构化教育在自闭症儿童康复训练中的应用疗效[J].国际精神病学杂志，2018,45(6):1060-1063.
[15]戴昕，马廷惠.感觉统合训练对自闭症儿童平衡能力与运动能力的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志，2008,23(5):436-437.
[16]曾令枝.自闭症儿童言语训练个案分析[C].//第四届粤港澳台物理医学与康复学学术会议暨2013年广东省医学会物理医学与康复学学术会议论文集，2013:644-648.
[17]吉利嘉·凯马尔.艺术何以治愈[J].世界科学，2020,(9):59-61.
[18] RORKE M A. Music therapy in the age of enlightenment[J]. J Music Ther,2001,38(1):66-73.
[19] GERETSEGGER M,ELEFANT C,M?SSLER K A,et al. Music therapy for people with autism spectrum disorder[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2014(6):CD004381.
[20]宋立纳.主动音乐治疗与自闭症儿童的康复[J].新教育时代电子杂志（教师版），2020,4:220.
[21]董杏妹，刘秋竹.绘画治疗对自闭儿童康复训练的个案研究[J].科技视界，2018,(29):94-96.
[22]田金来，张向葵.同伴介入法在自闭症儿童社交能力中的应用[J].中国特殊教育，2014,(1):35-40.
[23]李晓燕.同伴型优势视角：融合教育背景下自闭症幼儿语用交互支持方略探索[J].内蒙古师范大学学报（教育科学版），2014,27(4):43-46.
[24]连福鑫，王雁.融合环境下自闭症谱系障碍儿童社会交往同伴介入干预研究元分析[J].教育学报，2017,13(3):79-91.
[25]刘斌志，王李源.动物辅助疗法：基于人与动物关系的社会工作机制[J].西南石油大学学报（社会科学版），2019,21(2):33-42.
[26]徐林康，王翠艳.动物辅助疗法在自闭症儿童社会沟通行为中的应用[J].绥化学院学报，2020,40(4):98-101.
[27]贾杰.“中枢-外周-中枢”闭环康复——脑卒中后手功能康复新理念[J].中国康复医学杂志，2016,31(11):1180-1182.
[28]邓丽娟，张铮，杨倩，等.自闭症治疗药物的中国专利状况分析[J].中国当代医药，2018,25(24):26-29.
[29]邱继红，王敏建，蒋国庆.阿立哌唑治疗自闭症谱系障碍共患行为问题的临床分析[J].重庆医学，2019,48(15):2577-2579.
[30]常征，季瑞莲，张杰，等.干细胞治疗自闭症研究进展[J].药学研究，2020,39(10):601-604.
[31] ZHANG L,ZHAO Y H,GUAN Z,et al. Application potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from wharton's jelly in liver tissue engineering[J]. Biomed Mater Eng,2015,25(1 Suppl):137-143.
[32]刘敏，孙良伟，吕涌涛，等.干细胞治疗自闭症：安全性和有效性观察[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复，2010,14(32):5967-5970.
[33]宋秀军，何蕊，江其生.干细胞治疗小儿自闭症研究进展（文献综述）[J].放射免疫学杂志，2011,24(1):55-57.
[34]杨华强，张荣环，李贞艳，等.脐血干细胞和脐带间充质干细胞联合移植治疗自闭症[J].现代中西医结合杂志，2012,21(30):3307-3308.
[35] LV Y T,ZHANG Y,LIU M,et al. Transplantation of human cord blood mononuclear cells and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in autism[J]. J Transl Med,2013,11:196.
[36] DONEGAN J J,BOLEY A M,LODGE D J. Embryonic stem cell transplants as a therapeutic strategy in a rodent model of autism[J]. Neuropsychopharmacology,2018,43(8):1789-1798.
[37] TYSON J A,ANDERSON S A. GABAergic interneuron transplants to study development and treat disease[J].Trends Neurosci,2014,37(3):169-177.
基本信息:
中图分类号:R749.94
引用信息:
[1]屈家阳,何正义,李林材,等.自闭症康复治疗的现状与进展[J].赣南医学院学报,2022,42(05):529-535.
基金信息:
江西省教育厅重点项目（GJJ180791）; 赣南医学院重点创新团队课题（TD201806）;赣南医学院重点项目（ZD201831）; 心脑血管疾病防治教育部重点实验室开放课题（XN201913）
2022-05-28
2022-05-28